World War 2 in Canada – Yesterday’s History, Today’s Legacy

What do you think of when someone mentions World War 2 today? Do you think of a time long ago, when the world was full of uncivilized, war mongering people? Do you admire the relics in museums and read stories in history books without much thought? Do you think of it as a conflict that only impacted far away countries? These were some of the ways that I perceived WWII for a long time, in the same way that people look upon most events that haven’t directly impacted them – with interest, but without a true grasp of their importance. I feel this is the case with many historical events we are taught about in school, as we are just too distant from them to understand what really happened.

I now realize this is a dangerous thing, because if we stay distant from our ancestors mistakes, we may end up repeating them. World War II happened over 70 years ago, and yes technology and world power has shifted, but that doesn’t mean we are now above conflict. It is not like the people from that time were any different on a base level then we are today. How do I know this? Well, it’s because through our latest PLP unit and a program known as the Memory Project, I got to meet actual veterans from WWII. These men and women, although now elderly, were once teenagers like us, and I didn’t fully realize this until I got to meet them in person. My mind was blown from of the stories they told me; some of them sounded like something out of a movie. But it was all real, long ago, and through these veterans, I now know that these events still matter today. In this post, I am going to share with you my experiences during the our PLP World War II Unit, meeting these veterans, recording their stories, and answering our driving question of:

What is the Legacy of WWII in Canada?


Canada’s Naval Legacy – My First Podcast 

Recording the answers to our driving question is just as important as discovering it. We need to make sure that the incredible interviews we conducted with the veterans don’t go to waste, and that others can learn from their stories as well. Now we could have made a video to do this, but visuals can be distracting and limit individual interpretation, so we decided to make podcasts instead. This was my first time making an all audio product, and let me say, it was a blast. Who knew that you can create a more meaningful product with less to work with? Anyways, you can check out my podcast, or if you’d like, my classmates podcasts below:

PLP Podcast Series


WWII – The Domino Effect

World War II was fought by 21 countries, and overall contained 100 separate battles over the course of six years. If you also look at all of the events without combat, smaller battles, government jobs outside the war… yeah, it’s a pretty long timeline. It’s also confusing, because countries like Germany would be fighting on three fronts at once, so trying to connect every little detail is almost impossible. Luckily, we got to learn about the biggest events during our unit, which I have made a timeline of below. Notice how every event plays into the next… maybe that domino effect is still going on today?

Click the tabs below to read more about these events

The event that started it all. After Hitler's secret military had grown strong enough under the guise of building "tractors" and "sports facilities" (which were really military camps and tanks), he invaded Poland alongside of Russia on September 1st, 1939, and quickly conquered the country. This was the event that forced France and Britain to join the war; they now realized that it couldn't be avoided.
The Conquering of Belgium and France In order for Hitler to take over Europe, he needed to control two of the most influential forces of the western front; Britain and France. His plan was as follows; to invade France, and then believed that Britain would surrender when they fell. To do this, he needed to draw the allied defences out of France, so on May 10th, 1940 he invaded Belgium. Then, with the allies now occupied in this conflict, Hitler was able to launch a powerful Blitzkrieg attack into France, and take the country.
The allied forced were now surrounded on the Belgian beach of Dunkirk. The German army had far superior air, naval, and tank technology, so there was no hope of fighting them back. In fact, it looked like the 300,000 something men were going to die there, which very well could have been the end of the allies military strength. However, in a daring rescue on May 27th, 1940, allied military and civilian ships rushed to their aid and saved many of the men.
Hitler's campaign seemed to be going according to plan up to this point, but to his dismay, Britain did not surrender after the invasion of France. This was a problem, as there was no way he could reach his ultimate goal with Britain still running independently. To stop this, the German Luftwaffe (airforce) launched a ten month bombing campaign on civilian and military targets. They thought it would be a swift victory, as Britain was almost out of resources, but on October 31st, 1940, the Germans were actually pushed back. Many consider this a significant allied turning point.
A few years of small campaigns passed after the battle of Britain, and Hitler was growing impatient. His goal of gaining enough Lebensraum, or living space for the Ayran population was becoming more out of reach each day, so he decided to take the drastic action of invading the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. Although invading Russia had always been part of Hitler's plan, it was never meant to happen this soon. It wasn't properly thought out, and before the German troops could capture Moscow, the Russian winter forced them to retreat. This was the beginning of the end for the Axis advantage.
The Axis was not just Germany, it also included Italy and Japan. All of these countries had the aim of expanding and taking more land, but each did it in a different way. Japan had found success in a fast and harsh style of invasion which resembled the German's Blitzkrieg, and used it to invade China and taking part of Russia. However, it put them in a bad situation when they bombed the U.S at pearl harbour on December 7th, 1941. This would later lead to a devastating bombing from the US which ended in their defeat. Italy also became a warring nation in hopes of gaining more land, but found little success throughout the entire war. This ended up with their surrender on July 24, 1943, as many Italians didn't see the benefit in continuing the fight.
America wasn't interested in joining the war for a while; there was no reason to. However, this all changed when the sudden attack by the Japanese at Pearl Harbour struck fear into the nation, and it was decided that action needed to be taken. America joined the war hours after the attack, and this lead to a wrench being thrown into the delicate power dynamic that gave the Axis their edge. Britain wasn't alone anymore, and now they had an ally who was itching to fight back. This lead to the campaign against Italy, which ended up being semi-successful, and then soon after the real offensive began. On Tuesday June 6th, 1944 America, Britain, and Canada sent in massive amount of Naval, Air, and Army forces to the beaches of Normandy in an operation appropriately named D-Day. There was a large loss of life, but this event lead to the liberation of France, and soon the rest of Europe.
With the allies closing in from all fronts, the German Reich quickly collapsed and surrender quickly followed. The surrender of Japan came soon after, when two atomic bombs where launched on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These lead to devastating consequences for the country, and hopefully these weapons will never be used again. Although this meant the war was officially over, this was not a time of celebration. Over 70 million had perished, soldier and civilian, in those six years, and people on all sides were impacted. This is why I believe that although the fighting stopped on September 2, 1945, our remembrance should never cease no matter how many years pass.

Some helpful resources from our unit, and from my personal experience:

WWII In Colour

A stunning look into what famous historical footage such as Nazi speeches and the battles of Normandy looked like when they actually happened.

WWII Oversimplified

For those not interested in the little details, WWII in colour gives a concise and comedic look into this conflict with a world wide perspective.

The Fallen of WWII

WWII was the most deadly conflict in human history. How deadly? This video will blow your mind with the true casualty statistics.

The Complete History of WWII

WWII is an event we should all know a little about, but if you are interested in the full story, then this documentary is for you.


What was Canada’s Role in the War?

Canada may have entered the war due to it’s Commonwealth ties, but their role extended much farther then a mere British Force. Canada first joined the war on September 6th, 1939, a week after Britain in a response to Germany’s invasion of Poland. It was a reluctant decision to say the least, as the last war had put an incredible strain on Canada’s economy and unity. It started with a single division being sent oversees, but the fall of France made Prime Minister William Lyon Mckenzie King realize that more had to be done. The government decided to start a massive Military, Naval, and Airforce expansion, the likes of which would end up costing them billions. Canada’s role may not have been as much on the front line as in WWI, but their contributions were crucial none the less.

Royal Canadian Airforce/Navy 
One way King saw to help that wouldn't involve risking lives was to set up an airforce training program for aspiring allied pilots. He deemed it the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, and it ended up training over 130,000 pilots, flight engineers, navigators, and other staff. These efforts also sent 48 Royal Canadian Airforce squadrons oversees by the end of the war, and played a large role in the sinking of German U-Boats and bombing raids. Canada's support also came from the sea, as their Naval forces acted as protectors for British Convoys (the veteran I spoke with, Svend Hansen, was coder for the Royal Canadian Navy. Learn about his story below). It was a powerful tactic for the Germans to cut off British supply vessels, as they could defeat their enemy without sparring troops, and they made this one of their main Naval tasks. Luckily, brave Canadian men, and even women, came to their aid and helped escort supply convoys across.
 

Canada saw their largest action however, during the allied invasion of Normandy during D-Day. This was the final push needed to knock Germany off their throne, and Canadians were prepared to give it all they got. 14,000 Canadian paratroopers landed at their assigned beach code named "Juno" in early morning on June 6th, 1944. They also sent in over 100 RCN ships in which were crewed with over 10,000 sailors, and the RCAF aided in bombing raids. These efforts were the worst of what the Canadian troops had to endure in the war, but made the push through the rest of France possible. Canada's Secondary role in all of these events may seem small next to the role of Britain or the U.S, but their services were invaluable.

Who Were the Canadians at War? 

Many things could be considered a once in a life time opportunity. Getting your dream job, going to an exotic place, witnessing a natural marvel; those would all be pretty incredible. However, getting to do something like meet a living, breathing World War 2 veteran takes the idea of once in a life time to a whole new level. In our PLP class, we got to meet with two of them; one was a former German soldier named Helmut Lemke, and another (who was different depending on your group) was the Navy Coder I spoke of earlier named Svend Hansen. To think that this experience is one that kids 10 years from now will not get to have is honestly mind blowing. You can read a little about their stories below:

Svend Hansen

Svend Hansen is a former Navy Coder who was enlisted in the Royal Canadian Volunteer Reserve in 1942. He had lived in Calgary for most of his youth, and when his friends started signing up for the services after they graduated, he decided he would as well. One in particular had joined the Navy, so Svend decided to move to Saint-Hyacinthe’s Quebec to train in the Navy Signalling school. He soon completed his training as a Navy Coder, or the personnel who would decode allied messages and send them to officials, and boarded the HCMS Hepatica in Halifax. The ship then made many trips to Europe and the United States in a mission to protect supply convoys from German u-boats. He served until the end of the war in 1945, and did not experience much action in terms of combat. If he hadn’t gone on leave however, he would have assumed a role in the deadly conflict that was the Battle of the Pacific.

Helmut Lemke

Helmut Lemke is a former German Solider and member of the Hitler Youth, who came to Canada to escape the war and prosecution. Young Helmut joined the Hitler Youth before war broke out in 1939 as many young Germans at the time did. He described it more of a Boy Scouts Program than having a military related agenda, and found himself succeeding academically and living a comfortable life during this time. However, all this changed when WWII started and he was forced into conscription, despite his Mennonite faith, and was separated from his mother and siblings. During his time in Germany, he traveled across Europe and Russia in search of his mother, and eventually moved to North America to pursue a degree in architecture.

My podcast explains the duty of Svend in more detail, but I would highly recommend also listening the rest of helmut’s story in some of my classmates podcasts.


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